Ku ya 7 Werurwe 2022, umutwara w'imodoka atwara imizigo y'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga ku cyambu cya Yantai, Intara ya Shandong.(Ifoto yakozwe n'Ubushinwa)
Mu nama ebyiri zigihugu, ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu byakuruye abantu benshi.Raporo y’imirimo ya guverinoma yashimangiye ko "tuzakomeza gushyigikira ikoreshwa ry’imodoka nshya z’ingufu", tunashyiraho politiki yo kugabanya imisoro n’amahoro, kubungabunga umutekano n’umutekano w’inganda n’inganda zitangwa, no kongera inkunga mu bukungu nyabwo , harimo n'inganda nshya z’imodoka.Muri iyo nama, abahagarariye abanyamuryango n’abanyamuryango benshi batanze ibitekerezo n’ibitekerezo byo guteza imbere ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu.
Mu 2021, Ubushinwa bwohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bwageze ku bikorwa bitangaje, burenga miliyoni 2 ku nshuro ya mbere, bikubye kabiri umwaka ushize, bugera ku mateka.Twabibutsa ko kohereza mu mahanga ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu byagaragaje iterambere riturika, aho umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 304,6%.Ni ibihe bintu bishya biranga inganda nshya z’ingufu z’Ubushinwa zishobora kugaragara ku makuru yoherezwa mu mahanga?Mu rwego rwo kugabanya karubone ku isi, inganda nshya z’imodoka "zizagenda"?Umunyamakuru yabajije Xu Haidong, umuyobozi mukuru wungirije ushinzwe ishyirahamwe ry’Ubushinwa ry’abakora ibinyabiziga, saic Na Geely.
Kuva mu 2021, kohereza mu mahanga ibinyabiziga bishya bitanga ingufu byagenze neza, hamwe n'Uburayi na Aziya y'Amajyepfo
guhinduka isoko nyamukuru yiyongera
Nk’uko Ishyirahamwe ry’Abashinwa bakora inganda z’imodoka ribitangaza, kohereza mu mahanga ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu bizagera kuri 310.000 mu 2021, aho umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 304,6%.Muri Mutarama 2022, ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu byakomeje kugenda byiyongera cyane, bigera ku bikorwa by’indashyikirwa by '"ibice 431.000 byagurishijwe, umwaka ushize byiyongereyeho 135.8%", bitangira neza umwaka w’ingwe.
Abakozi bakora mumahugurwa yanyuma yinteko ya BAIC ishami rishya ryingufu muri Huanghua.Xinhua / Mou Yu
Saic Motor, Dongfeng Motor na BMW Brilliance bizaba ibigo 10 bya mbere mu bijyanye n’ubwinshi bw’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga by’ingufu nshya mu 2021. Muri byo, SAIC yagurishije imodoka nshya z’ingufu 733.000 mu 2021, aho umwaka ushize wiyongereyeho 128.9%, kuba umuyobozi mu kohereza mu mahanga ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu.Mu Burayi no mu yandi masoko yateye imbere, ibirango byayo MG na MAXUS byagurishije imodoka nshya zirenga 50.000.Muri icyo gihe, byd, Itsinda rya JAC, Geely Holding hamwe n’ibindi bicuruzwa byigenga by’ibinyabiziga bishya byoherezwa mu mahanga nabyo byageze ku iterambere ryihuse.
Twabibutsa ko isoko ry’iburayi n’isoko rya Aziya yepfo bibaye isoko nyamukuru yiyongera ku bicuruzwa bishya by’ingufu z’Ubushinwa byoherezwa mu 2021. Mu 2021, ibihugu 10 bya mbere mu bihugu byohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga mu Bushinwa ni Ububiligi, Bangladesh, Ubwongereza, Ubuhinde, Tayilande, Ubudage, Ubufaransa, Sloveniya, Ositaraliya na Filipine, nk'uko amakuru aturuka mu buyobozi bukuru bwa gasutamo yakozwe na CAAC.
"Gusa hamwe n'ibicuruzwa bishya by'ingufu zikomeye dushobora gutinyuka kwinjira ku isoko ry'imodoka zikuze nk'Uburayi."Xu Haidong yabwiye abanyamakuru ko ikoranabuhanga rishya ry’imodoka z’Ubushinwa ryageze ku rwego mpuzamahanga ku rwego mpuzamahanga, haba mu bicuruzwa, imbere, intera, guhuza ibidukikije, cyangwa imikorere y’ibinyabiziga, ubuziranenge, gukoresha ingufu, gukoresha ubwenge, byateye imbere mu buryo bwuzuye."Ibyoherezwa mu bihugu byateye imbere nk'Ubwongereza na Noruveje byerekana inyungu zo guhatanira ibicuruzwa by’ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu by’Ubushinwa."
Ibidukikije byo hanze nabyo bitanga ibihe byiza kubirango byabashinwa kugirango bashyire ingufu kumasoko yuburayi.Mu rwego rwo kugera ku ntego zo kugabanya karubone, guverinoma nyinshi z’Uburayi zatangaje intego z’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere mu myaka yashize kandi zongera inkunga ku modoka nshya z’ingufu.Kurugero, Noruveje yashyizeho politiki nyinshi zo gushyigikira inzibacyuho y’amashanyarazi, harimo no gusonera ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi umusoro ku nyongeragaciro 25%, umusoro ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga n’umusoro wo gufata neza umuhanda.Ubudage buzongerera inkunga ingana na miliyari 1,2 z'amayero, bwatangiye mu 2016, bugere mu 2025, burusheho guteza imbere isoko ry’imodoka nshya.
Igishimishije, kugurisha kwinshi ntigikomoka gusa kubiciro biri hasi.Igiciro cyibirango byabashinwa neVs kumasoko yuburayi byageze ku $ 30.000 kuri buri gice.Amakuru ya gasutamo yerekanye ko mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2021, agaciro kwohereza mu mahanga imodoka zitwara abagenzi zikoresha amashanyarazi zageze kuri miliyari 5.498 z'amadolari, zikaba ziyongereyeho 515.4 ku ijana ku mwaka, hamwe n’izamuka ry’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga rirenze ubwiyongere bw’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga.
Ubushinwa bukomeye kandi bwuzuye mu nganda no gutanga amasoko bugaragarira mu mikorere y’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga
Ishusho yumusaruro wibintu bibiri bitera imbere no kwamamaza birategurwa mumahugurwa yumusaruro mugihugu hose.Mu 2021, Ubushinwa butumiza mu mahanga n'ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga byageze kuri tiriyari 39.1 z'amayero, byiyongereyeho 21.4% ugereranyije n'umwaka ushize, biturenga tiriyari 6 z'amadolari ku gipimo mpuzandengo ngarukamwaka, biza ku mwanya wa mbere mu bucuruzi ku isi mu bicuruzwa mu myaka itanu ikurikiranye.Ishoramari ryishyuwe mu mahanga ritaziguye ryageze kuri tiriyoni 1,1, yiyongereyeho 14.9% mu mwaka ushize kandi irenga tiriyari 1 y'amadorari ku nshuro ya mbere.
Umukozi akora ibyuma bya batiri kubinyabiziga bishya byingufu muri Shandong Yuhang Special Alloy Equipment Co., LTD.Xinhua / Umufana Changguo
Ubushobozi bwo gutanga amamodoka mu mahanga bwaragabanutse mu myaka ibiri ishize kubera icyorezo cyinshi, ubwikorezi bukabije, ibura rya chip nibindi bintu.Nk’uko imibare yashyizwe ahagaragara n’umuryango w’abakora ibinyabiziga n’abacuruzi (SMMT) ibigaragaza, muri Mutarama umusaruro w’imodoka mu Bwongereza wagabanutseho 20.1% ugereranije n’ukwezi kumwe umwaka ushize.Ishyirahamwe ry’abakora ibinyabiziga by’iburayi (ACEA) rivuga ko 2021 ari umwaka wa gatatu wikurikiranya ugabanuka kugurisha imodoka z’abagenzi mu Burayi, wagabanutseho 1.5 ku ijana ku mwaka.
"Kubera ingaruka z'iki cyorezo, inyungu z’Ubushinwa zitangwa kurushaho."Zhang Jianping, umuyobozi w’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi ku bukungu bw’akarere mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubucuruzi n’ubufatanye bw’ubukungu muri Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi, yavuze ko kohereza ibicuruzwa by’imodoka mu Bushinwa bikomoka ku kuzamuka kwihuse kw’ubukungu bw’Ubushinwa biturutse ku ngaruka z’iki cyorezo.Inganda z’imodoka zagaruye vuba ubushobozi bw’umusaruro kandi zifata amahirwe akomeye yo kugarura isoko ku isi.Usibye kuziba icyuho cyo gutanga ibicuruzwa ku isoko ry’imodoka zo hanze no guhagarika urwego rwogutanga amasoko ku isi, inganda z’imodoka mu Bushinwa zifite gahunda yuzuye kandi ifite ubushobozi bwo gushyigikira.Nubwo iki cyorezo, Ubushinwa buracyafite ubushobozi bwiza bwo kurwanya ingaruka.Ibikoresho bihamye kandi bitanga umusaruro nubushobozi bwo gutanga bitanga ingwate ikomeye yo kohereza ibicuruzwa mumodoka yabashinwa.
Mu gihe cy’imodoka zikoreshwa na peteroli, Ubushinwa bwari bufite urwego runini rutanga amamodoka, ariko ibura ry’ibice byingenzi byatumaga rishobora guhungabanya umutekano.Iterambere ry’inganda nshya z’ingufu zahaye inganda z’imodoka Ubushinwa amahirwe yo kwiganza mu nganda.
"Amasosiyete gakondo y’imodoka z’amahanga atinda cyane mu guteza imbere ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu, bidashobora gutanga ibicuruzwa byapiganwa, mu gihe ibicuruzwa by’Ubushinwa bishobora guhaza ibyo abaguzi bakeneye, bifite inyungu z’ibiciro, kandi bifite ubushobozi bwo guhangana." Amasosiyete y’imodoka yo mu mahanga ntashobora gukoresha neza. Ibirango byabo bikomeye mu bicuruzwa bishya by’ingufu, bityo abaguzi mu bihugu byateye imbere na bo bafite ubushake bwo kwakira ibicuruzwa bishya by’Ubushinwa. "Xu Haidong.
RCEP yazanye politiki muburasirazuba, uruzinduko rwinshuti, kandi amasosiyete yimodoka yo mubushinwa yihutisha imiterere yabyo mumahanga
Numubiri wera hamwe nikirangantego cyubururu, tagisi yamashanyarazi ya BYD ihuye nibidukikije bikikije ibidukikije.Ku kibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga cya Suvarnabhumi cya Bangkok, umugabo waho Chaiwa yahisemo gufata tagisi y'amashanyarazi ya BYD."Biratuje, bifite icyerekezo cyiza, kandi icy'ingenzi ni ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije."Kwishyura amasaha abiri nuburebure bwa kilometero 400 - Imyaka ine irashize, ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi 101 BYD byemejwe n’ikigo gishinzwe gutwara abantu ku butaka cya Tayilande gukorera mu karere ku nshuro ya mbere nka tagisi n’imodoka zitwara abagenzi.
Ku ya 1 Mutarama 2022, Ubufatanye bw’ubukungu bw’akarere mu karere (RCEP) bwatangiye gukurikizwa ku mugaragaro, kikaba ari akarere n’ubucuruzi bunini ku isi ku isi, kikazana amahirwe menshi mu Bushinwa bwohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga.Nka kamwe mu turere twiyongera cyane ku isi kugurisha imodoka, ubushobozi bw’isoko bugaragara bw’abantu 600m bo muri ASEAN ntibushobora gusuzugurwa.Nk’uko ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa kibitangaza, mu 2025 igurishwa rya neV mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya riziyongera kugera kuri miliyoni 10.
Ibihugu bya Asean byatanze ingamba zifatika hamwe na gahunda zifatika zo guteza imbere ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu, bituma hashyirwaho uburyo amasosiyete y’imodoka yo mu Bushinwa akora ubushakashatsi ku isoko ryaho.Guverinoma ya Maleziya yatangaje imisoro ku modoka z’amashanyarazi kuva fy2022;Guverinoma ya Filipine yakuyeho imisoro yose yatumijwe mu mahanga ku bice by'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi;Guverinoma ya Singapore yatangaje ko ifite gahunda yo kongera umubare w'amashanyarazi ku modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi ziva ku 28.000 zikagera ku 60.000 muri 2030.
"Ubushinwa bushishikariza cyane amasosiyete akoresha amamodoka gukoresha neza amategeko ya RCEP, akagira uruhare runini mu bikorwa byo guhanga ibicuruzwa ndetse no kwagura ishoramari ryazanywe n’amasezerano, no kwagura ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Mu gihe inganda z’imodoka z’Ubushinwa zikuraho imipaka ku banyamahanga kandi byihutisha umuvuduko wo 'kujya ku isi', biteganijwe ko amasosiyete y’imodoka yo mu Bushinwa azagirana ubufatanye n’abanyamuryango b’abafatanyabikorwa hashingiwe ku ruhererekane rw’agaciro ku isi, kandi amategeko akomoka ku nkomoko azazana uburyo butandukanye bw’ubucuruzi n’amahirwe y’ubucuruzi ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. "Zhang Jianping aratekereza.
Kuva mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya kugera muri Afurika kugera i Burayi, abakora amamodoka y'Abashinwa barimo kwagura imirongo yabo yo hanze.Chery Automobile yashinze ibirindiro bya R&D ku isi hose mu Burayi, Amerika y'Amajyaruguru, Uburasirazuba bwo hagati na Berezile, inashinga inganda 10 zo mu mahanga.Saic yashyizeho ibigo bitatu bishya byo guhanga udushya mu mahanga, hamwe n’ibigo bine bitanga umusaruro n’inganda za KD (ibikoresho byo guteranya ibicuruzwa) muri Tayilande, Indoneziya, Ubuhinde na Pakisitani ...
"Gusa mu kugira inganda zabo bwite mu mahanga niho iterambere ry’amahanga mu masosiyete y’imodoka yamamaye mu Bushinwa rirambye."Xu Haidong yasesenguye ko mu myaka yashize, uburyo bwo gushora imari mu mahanga mu bucuruzi bw’imodoka zo mu Bushinwa bwagize impinduka zikomeye - kuva mu bucuruzi bw’umwimerere ndetse n’uburyo bwa KD igice kugeza ku buryo bwo gushora imari.Uburyo bwo gushora mu buryo butaziguye ntibushobora guteza imbere umurimo waho gusa, ahubwo binateza imbere kumenyekanisha abaguzi baho umuco w’ikirango, bityo kongera ibicuruzwa byo hanze, bizaba inzira yiterambere yo "kujya kwisi" yimodoka zamamaza ibicuruzwa mubushinwa mugihe kizaza.
Kongera ishoramari mu BUSHAKASHATSI no kwiteza imbere, no gufatanya n’ibinyabiziga, ibice ndetse n’inganda za chip mu guhanga udushya, duharanira ko imodoka z’Abashinwa zikoresha "ingenzi".
Hamwe ningufu nshya, amakuru manini hamwe nubundi buryo bwa tekinoloji ya revolution igenda itera imbere muri iki gihe, imodoka, ifite amateka yimyaka irenga 100, yatangije amahirwe akomeye yo guhinduka.Mu rwego rw’imodoka nshya zingufu no guhuza imiyoboro yubwenge, hamwe n’imyaka myinshi, inganda z’imodoka z’Ubushinwa zageze ahanini ku bicuruzwa by’ibanze n’ikoranabuhanga ry’ibanze hamwe n’urwego mpuzamahanga rw’iterambere ry’imikoranire, hamwe n’ibigo mpuzamahanga by’ibanze ku rwego rumwe rw’irushanwa.
Icyakora, mu gihe runaka, ikibazo cyo "kubura intandaro" cyibasiye inganda z’imodoka z’Ubushinwa, zagize ingaruka ku kuzamura umusaruro n’ubuziranenge ku rugero runaka.
Ku ya 28 Gashyantare, Xin Guobin, minisitiri wungirije wa Minisiteri y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho, yavuze ko mu kiganiro n’abanyamakuru cy’ibiro bya Leta bishinzwe amakuru, Minisiteri y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho rizubaka urubuga rwa interineti rutanga kandi rusaba imashini zikoresha amamodoka, bitezimbere uburyo bwo hejuru no kumanura ubufatanye bwurwego rwinganda, no kuyobora ibinyabiziga nibigo bikora neza kugirango urwego rutange isoko;Tegura neza umusaruro, gufashanya, kunoza imikorere yo kugabura umutungo, kugabanya ingaruka zo kubura intangiriro;Tuzakomeza gushyigikira guhanga udushya hagati yimodoka, ibigize hamwe na chip, kandi twongere buhoro buhoro kandi twongere umusaruro wimbere mu gihugu hamwe nubushobozi bwo gutanga.
"Dukurikije imyanzuro y'inganda, ibura rya chip rizatuma isoko ridahungabana ku isoko rya miliyoni 1.5 mu 2021."Yang Qian, umuyobozi wungirije w’ishami ry’ubushakashatsi mu nganda z’ishyirahamwe ry’abashinwa bakora inganda z’imodoka, yemeza ko hamwe n’ingaruka zigenda zishyirwaho n’uburyo mpuzamahanga bwo kugenzura amasoko ya chip, ku bufatanye bwa guverinoma, abakora oemakers hamwe n’abatanga chip, ubundi buryo bwo guhitamo chip bwabaye. buhoro buhoro bishyirwa mu bikorwa, kandi biteganijwe ko itangwa rya chip rizoroherezwa ku rugero runaka mu gice cya kabiri cya 2022. Icyo gihe, icyifuzo cya pent up mu 2021 kizarekurwa kandi kibe ikintu cyiza cyo kuzamura isoko ry’imodoka mu 2022.
Kuzamura ubushobozi bwigenga bwo guhanga udushya, kumenya ikoranabuhanga ryibanze no gutuma imodoka zUbushinwa zikoresha "intoki" zishinwa nicyerekezo cyamasosiyete yimodoka yo mubushinwa.
"Mu 2021, hashyizwe ahagaragara ingamba zacu za mbere zo mu rwego rwo hejuru zifite ubwenge bwo mu bwoko bwa cockpit chip yo mu bwoko bwa nanometero 7 zashyizwe ahagaragara, zuzuza icyuho mu rwego rwa chip nkuru y’urwego rwo hejuru rwo mu rwego rwo hejuru rufite ubwenge bwateguwe n'Ubushinwa."Umuntu bireba ushinzwe itsinda rya Geely yabwiye abanyamakuru ko Geely yashoye miliyari zisaga 140 z'amayero muri r & d mu myaka icumi ishize, hamwe n’abakozi barenga 20.000 bashushanya n’ibikorwa by’ubushakashatsi hamwe na patenti 26.000.By'umwihariko mu gice cyo kubaka umuyoboro wa satelite, geely yiyubatse hejuru-yuzuye-yisi-ya orbit ya sisitemu yo kugendesha icyogajuru yarangije kohereza sitasiyo 305-yuzuye-yerekana umwanya-woherejwe, kandi izagera ku itumanaho rya "global no-blind zone" itumanaho na santimetero- urwego rwohejuru-rwuzuye rwerekana umwanya mugihe kizaza."Mu bihe biri imbere, Geely azateza imbere byimazeyo inzira y’isi yose, amenye ikoranabuhanga ryo kujya mu mahanga, kandi agere ku bicuruzwa byo mu mahanga bigurishwa mu mahanga mu mwaka wa 2025."
Iterambere ry’inganda nshya z’ingufu n’iterambere ry’amashanyarazi n’ubwenge byazanye amahirwe ku bicuruzwa by’imodoka zo mu Bushinwa gukurikira, gukora ndetse no kuyobora mu bihe biri imbere.
Umuntu ufitanye isano na Saic ubishinzwe, yavuze ko intego z’igihugu zita ku "mpinga ya karubone, itagira aho ibogamiye", iri tsinda rikomeje guteza imbere ingamba zo guhanga udushya no guhindura ibintu, ryihutisha inzira nshya y’ "amashanyarazi akoresha amashanyarazi": kwihutisha iterambere ry’ingufu nshya , uburyo bwogucuruza ibinyabiziga bifite ubwenge, gukora ubushakashatsi ninganda zo gukora ubushakashatsi bwigenga nubundi buryo bwikoranabuhanga;Tuzatezimbere kubaka "ibigo bitanu" birimo software, kubara ibicu, ubwenge bwubukorikori, amakuru manini n’umutekano w’urusobe, duhuze ishingiro ry’ikoranabuhanga rya software, kandi duharanira kuzamura urwego rwa sisitemu y’ibicuruzwa bitwara ibinyabiziga, serivisi z’ingendo na sisitemu yo gukora.(Dongfang Shen, umunyamakuru w'ikinyamakuru cyacu)
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-18-2022
